Clinical characteristics, treatment, and evolution in 14 cases of pediatric orofacial lymphangioma.

PURPOSE: To present the largest series of orofacial lymphangioma in children published to date, analyzing the clinical characteristics and evolution of, and the treatment used for, these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data from patients diagnosed with orofacial lymphangioma, who were treated from 1998 to 2008 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Children's Hospital La Fe of Valencia (age 0 to 14 years), were reviewed. All patients with a clinical, radiographic, or, in surgical cases, histopathologic, diagnosis of orofacial lymphangioma were included. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients (8 boys and 6 girls; mean age 4.6 years) were included in the present study. Of the 14 cases, 9 had been diagnosed before the patients were 2 years old and 2 of which were congenital; 8 cases were located on the dorsum of the tongue. The lesion diameter was 1 to 2 cm in 9 patients, with 1 less than 1 cm, and was larger than 2 cm in 5. For treatment, 4 lymphangiomas were monitored periodically and resolved spontaneously, 1 was treated with sclerotherapy, and 9 with surgical extirpation. After surgery, 2 patients developed a recurrence within 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the lymphangiomas diagnosed in children occurred before 2 years of age, were on the dorsum of the tongue, and had a mean size of 1 to 2 cm. Of those treated with surgical extirpation, 2 recurred.

Maxillary sinus septa: A systematic review

This review analyzes articles published on the presence of septa in maxillary sinuses. An automated search wasconducted on PubMed using different key words. This search resulted in 11 papers in which the presence of antralsepta was assessed. These septa are barriers of cortical bone that arise from the floor or from the walls of the sinusand may even divide the sinus into two or more cavities. They may originate during maxillary development andtooth growth, in which case they are known as primary septa; or they may be acquired structures resulting fromthe pneumatization of maxillary sinus after tooth loss, in which case they are called secondary septa. Several methodshave been used in their study, direct observation on dried skulls or during sinus lift procedures; and radiographicobservation using panoramic radiographs or computed tomographs. Between 13 and 35.3% of maxillarysinuses have septa. They can be located in any region of the maxillary sinus and their size can vary between 2.5and 12.7 mm in mean length. Some authors have reported a higher prevalence of septa in atrophic edentulous areasthan in non-atrophic ones. If a sinus lift is conducted in the presence of maxillary sinus septa, it may be necessaryto modify the design of the lateral window in order to avoid fracturing the septa (AU)

Maxillary sinus septa: a systematic review.

This review analyzes articles published on the presence of septa in maxillary sinuses. An automated search was conducted on PubMed using different key words. This search resulted in 11 papers in which the presence of antral septa was assessed. These septa are barriers of cortical bone that arise from the floor or from the walls of the sinus and may even divide the sinus into two or more cavities. They may originate during maxillary development and tooth growth, in which case they are known as primary septa; or they may be acquired structures resulting from the pneumatization of maxillary sinus after tooth loss, in which case they are called secondary septa. Several methods have been used in their study, direct observation on dried skulls or during sinus lift procedures; and radiographic observation using panoramic radiographs or computed tomographs. Between 13 and 35.3% of maxillary sinuses have septa. They can be located in any region of the maxillary sinus and their size can vary between 2.5 and 12.7 mm in mean length. Some authors have reported a higher prevalence of septa in atrophic edentulous areas than in non-atrophic ones. If a sinus lift is conducted in the presence of maxillary sinus septa, it may be necessary to modify the design of the lateral window in order to avoid fracturing the septa.

Software applied to oral implantology: update.

Software in combination with imaging techniques is used increasingly for diagnosis, planning and treatment in oral implantology. Computer-aided surgery allows a great accuracy in implant positioning to be obtained, taking advantage of the amount of bone available and facilitating minimally invasive surgery. It is a significant aid in determining implant number, location, angle and characteristics. A CT with a radiographic template positioned in the mouth is made for the patient. Data are stored on a CD in DICOM 3 format and then introduced in the computer where implant treatment will be planned, using the chosen software. Navigation improves surgical accuracy through the aid of software based on the images captured from CT or MRI and a surgical instrument tracking system. Infrared light-emitting diodes are connected to rotatory instruments and to the patientvs template. Information is collected by special-purpose cameras, allowing the procedure to be viewed in real time on a monitor. It is useful in situations where an exact implantation is demanded, such as anatomical limitations, little space, atrophic maxillae, sinus lifts or zygomatic implants. Articles reviewed agree in emphasizing the reliability and accuracy of the planning and computer-assisted navigation systems available in the market. Nevertheless, many applications are still in the development phase.

Software applied to oral implantology: Update

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Software in combination with imaging techniques is used increasingly for diagnosis, planning and treatment in oral implantology.Computer-aided surgery allows a great accuracy in implant positioning to be obtained, taking advantage of the amount of bone available and facilitating minimally invasive surgery. It is a significant aid in determining implant number, location, angle and characteristics. A CT with a radiographic template positioned in the mouth is made for the patient. Data are stored on a CD in DICOM 3 format and then introduced in the computer where implant treatment will be planned, using the chosen software.Navigation improves surgical accuracy through the aid of software based on the images captured from CT or MRIand a surgical instrument tracking system. Infrared light-emitting diodes are connected to rotatory instruments and to the patient’s template. Information is collected by special-purpose cameras, allowing the procedure to be viewed in real time on a monitor. It is useful in situations where an exact implantation is demanded, such as anatomical limitations, little space, atrophic maxillae, sinus lifts or zygomatic implants.Articles reviewed agree in emphasizing the reliability and accuracy of the planning and computer-assisted navigation systems available in the market.Nevertheless, many applications are still in the development phase (AU)